What is the best way to orient or show the user off-screen required fields that need to be filled out?

What is the most effective way to direct the user to unfilled "required" form fields that are off screen after pressing submit or save on a form?

I've seen methods that I'll list below, scattered across questions about fields & errors, but none of the answers seem concretely based on results as far as I could find. Is anyone aware of what a data-supported best practice might be on this?

Here are some of the methods I've seen mentioned previously without reference to why or when they'd be picked:

• Auto-scrolling to the top-most missing field
• Display a list of which field items are missing
• Interaction/animation on the button itself (like a shake) that gives the impression something went wrong