HTML Aria function not being read by screen reader – Bad design?

I'm looking into how accessible some websites are using WebAIM's WAVE tool. Many websites nowadays use the burger menu symbol to indicate the menu (YouTube and Gmail for example) and often I see the Aria attribute being used to say 'open-menu' or something of that sort. However, when I test it with NVDA and hover over them, the screen reader doesn't return anything.

For example here: https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en

On the left is the burger symbol, a magnifying glass (for search) and text-links. NVDA only reads out the latter text-links when hovered over, but not the former two non-text symbols. The two symbols (burger and magnifying glass) don't change colour or give any indication that they're clickable when hovered over besides the mouse pointer changing.

Is the Aria label supposed to be function (or not function) this way or is this just bad code/design? Or am I just completely misunderstanding how a screen reader is supposed to function?