How should time limits be communicated to screen reader users?

Suppose a user is performing a complex task (such as: a multiple choice quiz with 40 questions), with a time limit (such as: 30 minutes).

The elapsed time, and the time limit, are both displayed on-screen at all times.

Now, suppose the user is blind, and using a screen reader.

How should the time be communicated to the screen reader user during the quiz, so that they aren't surprised when the time limit is reached?

Some options that we've considered:

1. Allow the user to navigate to the time field, so they can check whenever they need to. (basically: do nothing to address it)
2. Announce the elapsed time, and the time limit, every minute. This would need to be marked aria-live=assertive to make sure that it doesn't get interrupted.
3. Provide a special hotkey that the user can press to announce the time. Announce this hotkey when the quiz begins.
4. Add a heading or ARIA landmark that allows the user to jump to this part of the page.

The goal of these solutions: while completing the quiz, the user should have a convenient way to keep track of how much time is left -- it shouldn't disrupt their workflow. But they shouldn't be surprised when the time limit comes up.

I haven't found examples of other people having solved this problem -- are there some examples of existing solutions?